Resource
Screen Reader Testing Guide
Testing with screen readers is essential for accessibility. Learn the basics of NVDA, VoiceOver, and JAWS.
NVDA
FreeWindows
NonVisual Desktop Access - the most popular free screen reader for Windows.
Key Shortcuts
InsertNVDA modifier keyInsert + DownStart reading from cursorCtrlStop readingTabMove to next focusable elementHNext headingDNext landmarkInsert + F7Elements list
VoiceOver
Built-inmacOS / iOS
Apple's built-in screen reader for Mac, iPhone, and iPad.
Key Shortcuts
Cmd + F5Toggle VoiceOver on/offVO + ARead from cursor (VO = Ctrl + Option)CtrlStop readingVO + RightMove to next itemVO + Cmd + HNext headingVO + UOpen rotor
JAWS
Paid ($90/yr)Windows
Job Access With Speech - professional screen reader widely used in enterprises.
Key Shortcuts
InsertJAWS modifier keyInsert + DownSay allCtrlStop readingHNext headingInsert + F6Heading listInsert + F7Links list
Testing Process
1
Navigate by Tab
Can you reach all interactive elements? Is focus visible?
2
Navigate by Headings
Are headings logical and descriptive? Do they convey page structure?
3
Check Images
Are alt texts meaningful? Are decorative images hidden?
4
Test Forms
Are labels announced? Are errors clear?
5
Check Links
Is link text descriptive without context?
6
Test Dynamic Content
Are updates announced? Do modals trap focus correctly?